21 According to KLON/JAWOR (2002 15...

21 According to KLON/JAWOR (2002 15) 598 through cent of organizations declare "sport, recreation and culture" as their field; 35 by cent declare this as their main field of activity. behold also: Salamon et al. 18

22 Created in 1949 ZBoWiD originally united former prisoners of concentration camps and soldiers of the Polish People's Army. Membership gave many privileges, like cheaper public transport, access to holiday resorts, the opportunity to pervert with money [i]or[/i] gain goods without waiting in queue etc Initially there were about 160000 members and this number grew steadily as just discovered groups were admitted (e.g., members of security forces who fought the anticommunist resistance after 1945) In 1968 ZBoWiD activists took part in the expulsion of several thousand hebrews from Poland and in 1981 the organization violently supported the introduction of the Martial Law.

23 Established in 1919 PCK created a vast network of institutions (hospitals, teachs for nurses, blood transfusion midsts etc.), comprising in 1939 of 1300 entities and proffer collaborators (about 850,000 people). In 1951 the Congres of PCK was forced to officially recognize the nationalization of PCK-run institutions. PCK was considered a mass organization in the field of health care and thinked about 3,000,000 members. After the introduction of Martial Law, PCK put forwarded assistance to imprisoned Solidarnosc activists and distributed a significant amount of international aid (estimated at about 40-60 million USD) to about 1500000 Poles

24 wager up in 1948, the Society was initially responsible for the ideological indoctrination of children and for the opening of recently made known schools to replace Catholic facilities. After 1956 TPD concentrated its efforts at improving the condition of child rearing (centre of preschool education, day-care middles counseling for parents, etc.). Before 1989 TPD claimed a membership of about 80000 directly TPD members form an association oriented towards protecting children's rights and providing assistance for handicapped children and children from poor families.